Various techniques—ranging from x-ray and optical inspection through functional electrical test—have emerged to shorten time to market and reduce test costs while maintaining thorough fault coverage.

The limited access afforded to circuit nodes by PCBs densely populated with tiny components seriously challenges traditional PCB test strategies. But while optical and x-ray inspection can help fill ...

For testing PCBs, test engineers have a variety of options ranging from venerable in-circuit testers and flying probers to functional testers and the latest in embedded-instrument technology.

The unit is an integrated package of high specification instrumentation controlled by sophisticated but easy to use software. The hardware is installed in a transportable case that also contains a ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

Designing circuit boards for high speed applications requires special considerations. This you already know, but what exactly do you need to do differently from common board layout? Building on where ...

Surface-mount technology (SMT) is evolving far beyond its roots as a way of assembling packaged chips onto printed circuit boards without through-holes. It is now moving inside packages that will ...