The theory about vortex beams and the multi-mode scanning mechanism using vortex beams are described in this section. Orbital angular momentum of light and imaging using vortex beams. For each ...
Light beams structured with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) have become a central theme in modern optics due to their phase singularity and helical wavefronts 1. The azimuthal phase dependence \(\exp ...
Cross-section observation of a specimen using SEM can produce detailed information vital for research and development as well as for failure analysis. Generally, surface observation alone is incapable ...
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